Big Bang Essays - Physical Cosmology, Big Bang, Universe

Big Bang It is always a mystery about how the universe began, whether if and when it will end. Astronomers construct hypotheses called cosmological models that try to find the answer. There are two types of models: Big Bang and Steady State. However, through many observational evidences, the Big Bang theory can best explain the creation of the universe. The Big Bang model postulates that about 15 to 20 billion years ago, the universe violently exploded into being, in an event called the Big Bang. Before the Big Bang, all of the matter and radiation of our present universe were packed together in the primeval fireball--an extremely hot dense state from which the universe rapidly expanded.1 The Big Bang was the start of time and space. The matter and radiation of that early stage rapidly expanded and cooled. Several million years later, it condensed into galaxies. The universe has continued to expand, and the galaxies have continued moving away from each other ever since. Today the universe i s still expanding, as astronomers have observed. The Steady State model says that the universe does not evolve or change in time. There was no beginning in the past, nor will there be change in the future. This model assumes the perfect cosmological principle. This principle says that the universe is the same everywhere on the large scale, at all times.2 It maintains the same average density of matter forever. There are observational evidences found that can prove the Big Bang model is more reasonable than the Steady State model. First, the redshifts of distant galaxies. Redshift is a Doppler effect which states that if a galaxy is moving away, the spectral line of that galaxy observed will have a shift to the red end. The faster the galaxy moves, the more shift it has. If the galaxy is moving closer, the spectral line will show a blue shift. If the galaxy is not moving, there is no shift at all. However, as astronomers observed, the more distance a galaxy is located from Earth, the more redshift it shows on the spectrum. This means the further a galaxy is, the faster it moves. Therefore, the universe is expanding, and the Big Bang model seems more reasonable than the Steady State model. The second observational evidence is the radiation produced by the Big Bang. The Big Bang model predicts that the universe should still be filled with a small remnant of radiation left over from the original violent explosion of the primeval fireball in the past. The primeval fireball would have sent strong shortwave radiation in all directions into space. In time, that radiation would spread out, cool, and fill the expanding universe uniformly. By now it would strike Earth as microwave radiation. In 1965 physicists Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson detected microwave radiation coming equally from all directions in the sky, day and night, all year.3 And so it appears that astronomers have detected the fireball radiation that was produced by the Big Bang. This casts serious doubt on the Steady State model. The Steady State could not explain the existence of this radiation, so the model cannot best explain the beginning of the universe. Since the Big Bang model is the better model, the existence and the future of the universe can also be explained. Around 15 to 20 billion years ago, time began. The points that were to become the universe exploded in the primeval fireball called the Big Bang. The exact nature of this explosion may never be known. However, recent theoretical breakthroughs, based on the principles of quantum theory, have suggested that space, and the matter within it, masks an infinitesimal realm of utter chaos, where events happen randomly, in a state called quantum weirdness.4 Before the universe began, this chaos was all there was. At some time, a portion of this randomness happened to form a bubble, with a temperature in excess of 10 to the power of 34 degrees Kelvin. Being that hot, naturally it expanded. For an extremely brief an d short period, billionths of billionths of a second, it inflated. At the end of the period of inflation, the universe may have a diameter of a few centimetres.

Why You Should Experience BookBub.com

Why You Should Experience BookBub.com If you are an avid reader and have not yet explored BookBub.com, consider this your lucky day. Not only is the service free- its an incredible way to find new books recommended by your favorite authors and amazing deals on e-books within your preferred genres. Whether you are in a book club and looking for great suggestions or simply organizing your shut in for the Winter reading list, youre sure to find exactly what you need through one of BookBub.coms many reader resources.What Is BookBub?Think of BookBub as your own personal shopper who knows your reading taste well and has an eye for great deals. While the service doesnt actually sell books, it provides curated lists and handpicked recommendations based on your personal profile and the genre selections you choose. It then provides links to purchase the e-books from any number of e-book retailers available.Signing up is as simple as creating a BookBub profile. After submitting your email address, the website guides you through a g enre selection page that asks you to check off your preferred genre (fiction and non-fiction are included). Following this selection, youre guided to a page that lists both new and bestselling authors within those genres. You can then follow specific authors to receive curated news and e-book purchase links focused on the author(s) of your choice.For a trial run, I selected the category Psychological Thriller and was shown the following page of authors in that genre:The results of my BookBub.com trial run.Note that you can choose as many genres and authors as you like on these selection pages, but I limited it to one genre to get a feel for how BookBub is set up.Finally, since BookBub doesnt sell the e-books on their site, youll need to choose with e-book retailer you typically use to download e-books. The selection I was given included Amazon Kindle, Barnes Noble Nook, Apple Books, Google Play and Kobo. Once you make a selection, when BookBub shows you deals, it will limit the sel ections to the retailer(s) you choose. This is especially useful if you have a subscription or discount package with a specific e-book retailer.Your personal BookBub pageOnce you choose your preferred genre(s), author(s), and e-book retailer(s), youre taken to a personal BookBub page that immediately shows great e-book deals available for books within your chosen categories and retailers. Its really that simple. In addition to your personal recommendation page, BookBub also gives you the option to receive weekly email updates showing the currently available deals within your chosen genre(s). Many of the options I was shown were available for a few dollars or less! You really cant beat that, especially if you read a lot and prefer to own your own digital copies of your favorite books.DealsIn the menu at the top of the screen on the BookBub website, youll find tabs that make the site easy to navigate. One of my personal favorite tabs is Deals, in which a single click will take you to a page showing recent deals on e-books in the genre(s) of your choosing- many of which are free! Thats right, you read that correctly. Through the BookBub Deals tab, you will be able to find e-books within your favorite genre(s) to download and read absolutely free. The other deals on the page included many titles that were 99 cents or a few dollars, at most. Its like having a library at your fingertips, except you get to keep the books you download.BookBub offers links to great e-book deals.How are these deals selected?Since BookBub offers deals showing books within specific categories, I was interested to learn how these deals are chosen. After digging a bit into the site, I found the following information:Publishers and authors submit hundreds of book deals every day for consideration. BookBubs editorial team reviews each of these submissions in detail to determine the best ones, taking into account a number of factors, including the books critical acclaim, price point, reader re views, author background, and cover design. The editorial team evaluates the subject matter of a book based on historical reader reaction for that genre. Only 10-20% of submissions are selected to be featured on BookBub.BookBub.comReal-time updates from your favorite authorsAnother great perk to the website is the real-time updates from the favorite authors you choose when you set up your account. If the author(s) you choose has a new release or a pre-order available, BookBub will alert you by email and on your personal recommendation page. The individual author pages also show all of the books that have been previously published by that author, along with links to download the digital copies of them.You can also see other BookBub members who follow your favorite author, along with any recommendations given by those members. In this sense, BookBub is a social hub allowing avid readers to find fellow like-minded bookworms who can offer suggestions for their next great read.Recommenda tionsIn addition to the great deals, BookBub alerts you to recommendations from your favorite authors, BookBub editors, and your friends and family (if they are registered on the site, as well). For more well-known authors, such as Gillian Flynn, the site does note that some of these recommendations have not come directly from the author (unless the author has claimed his or her BookBub page). Rather, the information was collected from a data partner. I did notice, however, that many of the author pages contained recommendations that came directly from the author.The BookBub blogWith multiple new posts per week, the BookBub blog is a well-rounded resource for book lovers interested in knowing the latest and greatest reads on the market. From exclusive excerpts to best of lists, the blog contains hundreds of curated lists and reading suggestions sure to keep you (or any book club youre a part of) busy delving into great stories.The BookBub blog offers great best of lists.One of the b est features of the blog that I noticed is that each best of list or book suggested includes handy options to note whether you want to add the book to your wish list, you want to read it, youre currently reading it, or youre not interested, along with a link to purchase the book on one of the e-book platforms mentioned previously. This allows you to curate your personal selections even further, as well as recommend the book to others (if its one youve already read). If youve invited friends or family to join BookBub, this is a great way to know the perfect gift to purchase for birthday or holiday celebrations, since they can add books to their wish list directly from the blog posts they read.Here is a sampling of some of the most recent blog articles available on the site. Most of these are from December (to give you an idea of the frequency of blog posts on the BookBub website):The Most Heartbreaking Books Coming in 201923 of the Best Books for Second GradersThe Most Anticipated Bo oks of 201916 Books Recommended by BookBub Employees This Year25 of the Best Debut Novels of 20187 Things To Know About Mary Poppins Returns7 Royal Historical Books Recommended by Jennifer RobsonThe New York Public Librarys Most Checked-Out Books of 201824 of the Best Romance Books of the Year30 Gifts for Every Book Lover in Your Life31 Bookish Gift Ideas for Book LoversThe Best Classic Novels of All Time, According to BookBub ReadersForbes Announces the Highest-Paid Authors of the Year6 Books I Read in Under 48 Hours This Year19 of the Best Psychological Thrillers of 2018BookBub Editors Share Their Favorite Books of the Year34 of This Years Highest Rated Books on BookBubRead an Exclusive Excerpt of Lisa Jewells Watching YouThe Best Historical Fiction Books of 2018Reese Witherspoon to Adapt Where the Crawdads SingMy general impressionAs an avid reader, I was especially excited to discover BookBub.com and the many reader resources it offered through a user-friendly website. The blog contained several useful articles and curated lists that will keep me busy with new reading material for a while. I was especially interested to find new authors within my favorite genre, and have access to multiple e-books that I could download for only a few dollars (and many for free). I also plan to recommend it as a marketing tool to several indie authors I know who are looking for ways to build their audience. I will be using the site often and recommending it to others who I know are voracious readers, as well.

Speech Outline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Speech Outline - Essay Example social networking tools have worked against the societal norms that define the young generation behaviour, because mot believe if they are not using social media, they are outdated. The ‘Fakebook generation’ no longer respects their culture nor their elders, they want to fit in a society that they believe is the best for them without factoring the ideas and guidance from their elders. To some extent, I agree with Mathias, and in most cases I disagree with her. Yes, the â€Å"Fakebook Generation’ could have decayed morals, but exactly what has contributed to that, Facebook alone? Or is it a combination of many factors that have created a fake generation? I believe the society has a lot to do to ensure the youth are not totally lost and that Facebook and other social networks do not make them forget their societal values. Despite most of them believing that they need to use social media to have a sense of belonging among their peers, parents and the society at large has a role to play to ensure the social norms are not thrown to the dogs. Mathias believes in a world view that tends to make a general assumption of the youth, which is not always correct as different countries and different cultures have people behave differently (Kirszner & Mandell,